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			<h2>Intel</h2>
			<br />
			<p>Intel Corporation is an American global technology company and the world's largest 
			semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. It is the inventor of the x86 series of 
			microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers. Intel was founded 
			on July 18, 1968, as Integrated Electronics Corporation (though a common misconception
			is that "Intel" is from the word intelligence) and is based in Santa Clara, California,
			USA. Intel also makes motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated
			circuits, flash memory, graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to
			communications and computing. Founded by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon
			Moore and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove, 
			Intel combines advanced chip design capability with a leading-edge manufacturing capability.
			Though Intel was originally known primarily to engineers and technologists, its "Intel Inside" 
			advertising campaign of the 1990s made it and its Pentium processor household names.</p><br />
			<p>Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, and this represented 
			the majority of its business until 1981. While Intel created the first commercial 
			microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer (PC) 
			that this became its primary business. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new 
			microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this
			period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs, and was known for
			aggressive and sometimes controversial tactics in defense of its market position, 
			particularly against AMD, as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the 
			direction of the PC industry. The 2010 rankings of the world's 100 most powerful brands
			published by Millward Brown Optimor showed the company's brand value at number 48.</p>
			<br />
			<p>Intel has also begun research in electrical transmission and generation.</p>
			<br />
			<h3>Product and market history</h3>	
			<hr>
			<p>The company's first products were shift register memory and random-access memory
			integrated circuits, and Intel grew to be a leader in the fiercely competitive DRAM,
			SRAM, and ROM markets throughout the 1970s. Concurrently, Intel engineers Marcian Hoff,
			Federico Faggin, Stanley Mazor and Masatoshi Shima invented Intel's first microprocessor.
			Originally developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a number of ASICs in a 
			calculator already produced by Busicom, the Intel 4004 was introduced to the mass market
			on November 15, 1971, though the microprocessor did not become the core of Intel's 
			business until the mid-1980s. (Note: Intel is usually given credit with Texas 
			Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor.)</p>
			<br>
			<p>In 1983, at the dawn of the personal computer era, Intel's profits came under increased pressure from Japanese memory-chip manufacturers, and then-President Andy Grove drove the company into a focus on microprocessors. Grove described this transition in the book Only the Paranoid Survive. A key element of his plan was the notion, then considered radical, of becoming the single source for successors to the popular 8086 microprocessor.</p>
			<br>
			<p>Until then, manufacture of complex integrated circuits was not reliable enough for customers to depend on a single supplier, but Grove began producing processors in three geographically distinct factories, and ceased licensing the chip designs to competitors such as Zilog and AMD. When the PC industry boomed in the late 1980s and 1990s, Intel was one of the primary beneficiaries.</p>
			<br>
			<p>Despite the ultimate importance of the microprocessor, the 4004 and its successors the 8008 and the 8080 were never major revenue contributors at Intel. As the next processor, the 8086 (and its variant the 8088) was completed in 1978, Intel embarked on a major marketing and sales campaign for that chip nicknamed "Operation Crush", and intended to win as many customers for the processor as possible. One design win was the newly created IBM PC division, though the importance of this was not fully realized at the time.</p>
			<br>
			<p>IBM introduced its personal computer in 1981, and it was rapidly successful. In 1982, Intel created the 80286 microprocessor, which, two years later, was used in the IBM PC/AT. Compaq, the first IBM PC "clone" manufacturer, produced a desktop system based on the faster 80286 processor in 1985 and in 1986 quickly followed with the first 80386-based system, beating IBM and establishing a competitive market for PC-compatible systems and setting up Intel as a key component supplier.</p>
			<br>
			<p>In 1975 the company had started a project to develop a highly advanced 32-bit microprocessor, finally released in 1981 as the Intel iAPX 432. The project was too ambitious and the processor was never able to meet its performance objectives, and it failed in the marketplace. Intel extended the x86 architecture to 32 bits instead.</p>
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